Published Papers

Volume 31 - Issue 5 (HKWES Special Issue)
Special Issue Papers

Wind effects on Buildings and their environment: codification and standardisation

Theodore Stathopoulos and Hatem Alrawashdeh
Pages: 1-9Published: 23 Jan 2026
DOI: 10.33430/V31N5WINDENGI-1
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Stathopoulos T and Alrawashdeh H, Wind effects on Buildings and their environment: codification and standardisation, HKIE Transactions, Vol. 31, No. 5 (HKWES Special Issue), Article WindEngi-1, 2026, 10.33430/V31N5WINDENGI-1

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Abstract:

There is a growing interest in wind-induced structural effects within the field of wind engineering. The paper explores recent breakthroughs and advancements made in the wind engineering design over the past four decades. The various approaches employed in wind engineering, including wind tunnel testing, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and field measurements, are highlighted. Furthermore, the paper critically examines the evolution of wind codes and standards, particularly focusing on their application to low-rise buildings and their attachments, while also addressing emerging research areas such as nonsynoptic wind effects on buildings, wind loads and effects on building-attached/integrated photovoltaics (BAPVs/BIPVs), the advancement of numerical methods in structural wind engineering and the possible implementation of performancebased wind engineering. The paper provides valuable insights into the future directions of wind engineering, with a particular focus on contributions to the development of wind codes and standards at both national and international levels. 

Keywords:

Wind engineering; wind codes and standards; CFD; wind tunnel; low-rise buildings; attachments

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